Shaohar ke huqooq dar asal biwi ke faraa’iz se ibaarat hain, Islam ne auraton ke zimme kuch akhlaqi wajibaat bhi rakhen hain, masalan apne bachon ko dood pilana, umoor-e-khana dari ko anjaam dena waghairah.
Rasoolullah ﷺ Hazrat Ali-o-Fathima (raziyallahuanhuma) ko nasehat farmate hue khaangi umoor ko taqseem farmaya hai keh Hazrat Ali(raziyallahuanhu) bahar ke kaam kaaj anjaam denge aur hazrat Fathima(raziyallahuanha) khaangi umoor anjaam dengi-
Ulama ne farmaya keh roti pakana, bistar lagana, ghar mein jhadu dena, pani bharna aur degar gharelu kaam dakhil hain.
Neez hazrat Asma binte Abubakr (raziyallahuanha) hazrat Zubair(raziyallahuanhu) ki khoob kidmat kiya karti thien, pani lana, ghar ki safai karna, janwaron ka khiyal rakhna, waghairah jisko Allamah ibnul Qaiyyim Jaozi (rahmatullahi alaih) ne bittafseel bayan kiya hai۔(Zaadul ma’aad fi hadyi khairil ibaad : 4/9).
Chunanche Ahde nabawi aur khairul quroon ka mamool raha hai keh khawateen ghar ki safaai, suthraai aur pakwaan waghairah ka kaam anjaam diya karti thien-
isliye keh yeh umoor shaohar ke akhlaqi huqooq mein dakhil hain; albattah shaohar gharelu zarooriyaat ke liye khadim rakhne ki taqat rakh ta ho, to aurat par khaangi umoor ko anjaam dena qanoonan waajib nahi hoga.(Qaamu sul fiqh :4/108 ).
Biwi ke huqooq
وَلَهُنَّ مِثْلُ الَّذِي عَلَيْهِنَّ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ۔(البقرۃ:٢٢٨)
Auraton ka haq mardon par waise hi hai jaise dastur ke muwafiq mardon ka haq auraton par hai.
Jis tarha shaohar ke huqooq biwi par hain, usi tarha aur usi qadar biwi ke huqooq bhi shaohar ke zimme hain.
Mahar
Islam mein miyan biwi ke rishte ko ek muqaddas aur qabil-e-ehtiram rishtah qaraar diya gaya hai, isiliye nikah ki hausla afzaai ki ga’ee hai, nikah ke zariye zaojain ke liye ek dusre ki ismat halal hoti hai-
Is rishte ki ahmiyat aur ismat-e-niswani ke ehtiram ke taur par nikah ke saath mahar ko rakha gaya hai, mahar aurat aur us ki ismat ki qeemat nahi hai; balkeh shaohar ki taraf se ek tohfa-e-ehtiram hai jise woh apni rafeeq-e-hayaat ke liye pesh karta hai.
Mahar ka ujoob Quran, sunnat aur ijmaa- e-ummat se sabit hai.
Mahar: wo maal hai jo aqde nikah ki wajhe se aurat ke liye mard par wajib hota hai.
Rasoolullah sallahu alaihi wasllam ne irshad farmaya :
Jo shaks kisi aurat se ziyadah ya kam mahar ke iwaz nikah kare; laikin mahar ada karne ki niyyat nahi thi aur us ko dhoka de diya, to qiyamat ke din Allah se zaani ki surat mein mulaqaat kare ga.(Majma’uzzawaa’id :5707)
Agar kisi shaks ne zindagi mein mahar ada nahi kiya hai, to marne ke baad us ki meraas mein se ada kiya jaye ga .
Mahar-e-mu’ajjal(Cash)
jo mahar nikah ke waqt hi adakardiya jaye, us ko mahar-e-mu’ajjal kehte hain.
Mahar-e-mu’ajjal(creit)
Jo mahar nikah ke waqt ada na kiya jaye ya kuch hissa ada na kiya jaye, us ko mahar-e-mu’ajjal(udhaar) kehte hain.
Masnoon tariqa yeh hai keh mahar ki kuch miqdaar ruqsati ke maoqe par ada kardi jaye
Mahar ki miqdaar
Hanafiya ke nazdeeq mahar ki kam-az- kam miqdaar das dirham hai (1 dirham : 3gm,61mg,8 microgram * 10=30gm,618miligram Silver).
30, tees gram, che sau athara mili gram)
Hazrat Ali (raziyallahuanhu) se marvi hai, Rasoolullah sallahu alaihi wasllam ne irshad farmaya:
لَا يَكُونُ مَهْرًا أَقَلَّ مِنْ عَشَرَةِ دَرَاهِمَ۔(داراقطنی٣٦٠٣)
Mahar das dirham se kam nahi hoga.
Mahar ki ziyadah miqdaar muta’ayyan nahi hai; albattah mahar mein ie’tidaal aur mayanah ravi behtar hai
taqreeban ummahaat ul mu’mineen aur banate tahiraat ka mahar paanch sou (500) dirham tha jis ka maujudha wazan (1,53,900) ek kilo paanch sou teen(503) gram, nauso(900) milli gram chandi(silver) hai.(Jadeed fiqhe masail :1/294)
Shari’at ka tareeqah-e-kaar ye hai keh mahar ki miqdaar bahut kam bhi na ho keh aurat ki dil shikni ho aur bahut ziyadah bhi na ho keh tafakhur maqsood ya adaa’egi mushkil ho.
Hazrat umar (ra) farmate hain
أَلَا لَا تُغَالُوا صَدُقَةَ النِّسَاءِ، فَإِنَّهَا لَوْ كَانَتْ مَكْرُمَةً فِي الدُّنْيَا، أَوْ تَقْوَى عِنْدَ اللَّهِ لَكَانَ أَوْلَاكُمْ بِهَا نَبِيُّ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، «مَا عَلِمْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ نَكَحَ شَيْئًا مِنْ نِسَائِهِ وَلَا أَنْكَحَ شَيْئًا مِنْ بَنَاتِهِ عَلَى أَكْثَرَ مِنْ ثِنْتَيْ عَشْرَةَ أُوقِيَّةً۔(رواہ الترمذی :١١١٤)
Ghaur se suno! Zaroorat se ziyadah mahar muqarrar na karo, agar mahar ki ziyadati izzat ya Allah ke nazdeek taqwa ka zariya hoti, to Huzoor sallahu alaihi wasllam us ke ziyadah mustahiq the (Qaamoosul fiqh :5/146)
