Shaohar ke huqooq:Shari’at mein jin a’izzah aur rishte daron ke huqooq ziyadah hain un mein se shaohar-o-biwi bhi hain; choon keh pura khandani nizaam izdiwaji rishta hi se muta’alliq hai, isi se khandan ki tashkeel hoti hai aur khandan ka daa’irah wasee hota hai.
Zaojain ke silsile mein shari’at ka umoomi nuqta’e nazar yeh hai keh un ke darmiyan maalik-o-mamlook aur aaqa-o-baandi ki nisbat nahi; balke woh ek mu’amala ke do fareeq aur zindagi ke do rafeeq hain; albattah qudrati taur par un ki salahiyatein mukhtalif hain-
Baaz salahiyatein mardon mein hain auraton mein nahi aur baaz salahiyatein auraton mein hain jin se mard mahroom hain, isi salahiyat ke ie’tibaar se Islam ne donon ke daa’ira-e-kar ko taqseem farmaya hai keh ghar ke bahar ki zimmedariyan mard pura karen ge aur ghar ke andar ki zimme dariyan auratein puri karein gi-
Neez shaohar ki haisiyat khandan ke sarbarah aur muhafiz-o-muntazim ki hai, usi ko Quran-e-majeed ne “Qawwam” ke lafz se tabeer kiya hai, is mein mard ke liye bhi aafiyat hai aur aurat ke liye bhi, aur isi mein khandani nizaam ka baqa bhi hai-
Itaa’at-o-farmabardari
A. itaa’at-o-farmabardari
Shaohar ka pehla haq itaa’at-o-farmabardari hai,
Quran-e-majeed ne is ki taraf ishara kiya hai.
Rasoolullah ﷺne muta’addid ahaadees mein us ko bayan farmaya hai
Chunancheh Aap ne irshad farmaya
أَيُّمَا امْرَأَةٍ مَاتَتْ وَزَوْجُهَا عَنْهَا رَاضٍ دَخَلَتِ الجَنَّةَ۔(رواہ الترمذی عن ام سلمة، باب ماجاءفی حق الزوج علی المراة :1161)
Jis aurat ko is haal mein maut aye keh us ka shaohar us se khush ho, to woh Jannat mein dakhil hogi-
A.Agar shaohar kisi khilaf-e-shara kaam ka hukm de, us mein shaohar ki itaa’at jaa’iz nahi hai, jaise ghair mahram ke samne be parda hona waghairah.
B. Jo batein shari’at ke khilaf nahi hain aur shaohar ko us ke mutalaba ka haq bhi nahi hai, un mein shaohar ki itaa’at ki jaasakti hai; laikin wajib nahi hai, jaise aurat ki mamlookah ashya-o-jaa’idaad mein tasarruf karna.
C.Jin baton ka shari’at ne hukm diya hai, jaise namaz, roza waghairah ya jo batein shaohar ka aurat par haq ka darja rakhti hain, jaise shaohar ke taqaza-e-tab’ee ke takmeel basherte keh koi shar’ee ya tab’ee maney maujood na ho, in umoor mein shaohar ki itaa’at biwi par wajib hai.
Ghar ki nigrani aur hifazat
Shaohar ka dusra haq yeh hai keh biwi us ke ghar ki nigrani aur hifazat kare, is hifazat-o-nigrani mein bacchon ki tarbiyat, shaohar ke maal-o-jaaidaad ki hifazat aur khud apni iffat-o-paakdamani ka tahaffuz dakhil hain, Allah ta’ala ne is haqeeqat ki taraf ishara farmaya hai.
كُلُّكُمْ رَاعٍ، وَكُلُّكُمْ مَسْئُولٌ عَنْ رَعِيَّتِهِ، الإِمَامُ رَاعٍ وَمَسْئُولٌ عَنْ رَعِيَّتِهِ، وَالرَّجُلُ رَاعٍ فِي أَهْلِهِ وَهُوَ مَسْئُولٌ عَنْ رَعِيَّتِهِ، وَالمَرْأَةُ رَاعِيَةٌ فِي بَيْتِ زَوْجِهَا وَمَسْئُولَةٌ عَنْ رَعِيَّتِهَا،(البخاری :893)
Tum mein se har ek nigran hai aur apni zere nigrani cheezon ki babat jawab deh hoga… aurat apne shaohar ke ghar ki nigran hai aur us se uski ma tahat cheezon se mutta’aliq suwaal kiya jayega-
Ghar mein tehre rehna
khavind ka bunyaadi haq “haq-e-habs” (shaohar ke ghar mein tehre rehna) ijazat ke baghair aam halaat mein aurat us ghar se bahar nahi nikal sakti jo use bataure rihaa’ish gaah ke diya gaya hai.
Allah ta’ala ka irshad hai:
وَقَرْنَ فِي بُيُوتِكُنَّ وَلَا تَبَرَّجْنَ تَبَرُّجَ الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ الْأُولَى۔(الاحزاب: 33)
Ae ummahatul mumineen! Apne gharon mein tehri raho aur zeenat ke saath bahar na nikla karo jaise zamana-e-jahiliyyat mein nikhla karti theen-
Majboori ki suratein mustasna hain, masalan biwi ke walidain shadeed bimaar hain aur koi unka teemaardaar nahi hai, to shaohar ki mumana’at ke bawajood aurat ke liye walidain ki timaardaari ke liye jana jaa’iz hai.
Mekah jana
Fuqha ne likha hai : Shaohar ko chahiye keh woh waqtan fawaqtan biwi ko us ke walidain aur rishte daron se mulaqaat ke liye le jaye, ya jane ki ijaazat de, kitne dinon mein jane ki ijaazat di jaye? usme urf-o-riwaj ka ie’tibaar hoga-
Albattah shaohar ki taraf se ijaazat na hone ki surat mein bila ijaazat walidain se haftah do haftah mein ek martaba aur deegar mahram rishte daron se saal mein ek martaba mulaqaat ke liye ja sakti hai.
Mekah mein teherna
Jitne din shaohar ba khushi mekah mein teher ne ki ijaazat de, ya jitne din teher ne ka umoomi urf-o-riwaj ho, itne din mekah mein qiyaam kar sakti hai-
Jo aurat shaohar ki ijaazat-o-marzi ke baghair bila kisi jaa’iz haq aur uzr ke mekah chali jaye, ya mekah mein shaohar ki marzi-o-umoomi riwaj ke muddat se ziyadah teheri rahe. woh aurat naashizah (na farman) samjhi jaye gi aur gunaah gaar hogi aur jitna arsa mekah mein guzare gi, us muddat ke kharch ki bhi woh haq dar nahi hogi (Qamoo sulfiqh: 5/204)
Rasoolullah ﷺ ne irshad farmaya:
Teen aadmi aise hain keh Allah ta’ala un ki namaz qubool nahi farmate aur na hi un ki koi neki asmaan ki taraf utha te hain۔
(1) Bhagoda ghulam yahan tak keh woh apne aaqa ke paas laut aaye.
(2) Nashe mein mast insan jab tak ke nasha door na hojaye.
(3) Woh aurat jis ka shaohar (shar’ee uzr ki bina par) naraz ho yahan tak keh shaohar khush na hojaye.(Sahi ibne hibbaan: 12/178)
Hafiz Ibne Hajar aur Mulla ali qaari farmate hain:
Agar shaohar biwi se us ki bad akhlaqi, be adbi aur na farmani ki wajeh se naraaz ho, khah din ka waqt ho ya raat ka, jab tak shaohar biwi se khush nahi ho jata, biwi keh liye ye wa’eed baqi rahe gi-
Neez jo walidain apni shadi shuda ladki ko shaohar ki marzi aur jaa’iz uzr ke baghair ghar mein tehra lete hain, woh bhi gunaah gaar honge, is tarha ki harkaton se miyan biwi ke darmiyan na ittifaqiyan aur nafratein paida hoti hain aur jhagdon ka aaghaaz hota hai jo nihayat muzir sabit hota hai-
